The Future of Audience Research

We no longer have to rely on old cultural prophecies as to who is the right consumer for the right message. It no longer has to be microsample-based [à la Nielsen or Simmons]. We now have [total-population] data, and that changes everything. With [those] data, you can know essentially everything. You can find out all the things that are nonintuitive or counterintuitive that are excellent predictors. ... There's a lot of power in that.

- Dave Morgan, Founder of the behavioral targeting firm Tacoda, now owned by AOL

In Bob Garfield, "Your Data With Destiny," Advertising Age, September 15, 2008

Morgan's quote reflects current beliefs about the use of data-mining that are reshaping the media system. The idea is that instead of making predictions about specific customers based on general surveys of people like them, marketers should track the customers themselves in ways they may not know. The assertion is that findings from such tracking can lead to accurate predictions about products and persuasive techniques that will appeal specifically to those targeted individuals. Garfield gives interesting examples of how that can work from basic collaborate filtering technologies (as with Amazon and Netflix) to more sophisticated activities via Taboola and My6Sense.

Implicit in his piece—but as important as the main theme—is a view that has begun to take hold in parts of the marketing community: that survey samples (for example, Nielsen’s TV, internet, and billboard samples) should be replaced by population samples via set-top-box data, behavioral tracking, and other methods. In that connection, the Advertising Research Foundation (ARF) has convened “forums” on the topic later this month and next month that will valorize tracking “entire” populations and foreground buzz and other techniques that supposedly get close to the consumers in unobtrusive ways.

"I don't know if we are going to have a choice but to move away from survey research," Donna Goldfarb, VP-consumer and market insights for Unilever Americas is quoted as saying in another Ad Age piece. "We continue to torture consumers with boring and antiquated search methods. What's holding us back is history and norms. But I work in a business where I think most of the senior leadership is still very frustrated with the tools that we are using."

The Ad Age piece acknowledges that firms such as Unilever and P&G continue to spend lots of money on surveys. (P&G spent $200 million on research vendors in 2006.) Yet statements such as Goldfarb’s “signal a shift in paradigms, and most likely budgets, away from surveys and toward mining insights from blogs, social networks, consumer comments to websites and more,” according to Joel Rubinson, chief research officer of the ARF. They also may signal that the audience research that emerges may create increasing tensions around issues of privacy.

Bloggers and the Palin Nomination

The Palin story played right to the strengths of the blogs.

- Tom Rosenstiel, executive director of the Project for Excellence in Journalism

In William Triplett, "Bloggers Investigate Sarah Palin; TV News Struggles to Catch Up With the Internet," Variety, September 2, 2008

When John McCain announced that Alaska governor Sarah Palin would be his running mate, many non-Alaskans didn't know much, if anything, about her. To many bloggers, the need for that knowledge was a call to arms. Rosenstiel says that "the best bloggers" knew that they could retrieve information about Palin's background through online research "without the need for classic reporting." He notes that the mainstream media had their hands full trying to deal with the implications of Obama's acceptance speech in Denver and the impact of hurricaine Gustav on the Gulf Coast and the Republican convention. The downsizing of journalism staffs added to the difficulty that traditional journalists had in responding quickly to the new name.

Not everyone agrees that bloggers have been so helpful. "Much of what I read on the blogs was hugely derivative of Anchorage Daily News coverage of Sarah Palin's political career, so unless you can cite a specific blog scoop, I've yet to be impressed by what they've turned up," says Jack Schafer of Slate. "On the downside, I think bloggers were far too eager to spread rumors about Trig Palin being Bristol Palin's son without even bothering to examine the child's birth certificate for proof."

Nevertheless, mainstream journalists have increasing been checking the blogosphere for updates. "When you see cable news analysts on TVs getting ready to talk, what are they doing? Looking on the Web," says one academic analyst. One Republican congressman noted that the bloggers' immediate investigative chatter "is a sign of things to come with conventions as we know them."